{"id":10954,"date":"2026-03-06T05:28:55","date_gmt":"2026-03-05T21:28:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/project-management-glossary\/"},"modified":"2026-03-06T05:28:55","modified_gmt":"2026-03-05T21:28:55","slug":"project-management-glossary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/project-management-glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn:<\/strong>\u00a0nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>\u00a0c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng minh.Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch: \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh doanh:<\/strong>\u00a0t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft ra m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00fd do kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, th\u1eddi gian nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong>\u00a0quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ghi nh\u1eadn, ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c:<\/strong>\u00a0t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<li>ai s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li>ai ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, s\u1ebd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 cho ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng:<\/strong>\u00a0chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nhau trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i g\u0103ng n\u00e0y. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chia nh\u1ecf ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong>\u00a0b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng, ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong>\u00a0kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 (slack):<\/strong>\u00a0s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 cho:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfp theo (th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 t\u1ef1 do)<\/li>\n<li>ng\u00e0y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ec5 t\u1ed5ng)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng then ch\u1ed1t&#8221;, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nh\u00f3m t\u1eadp trung:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh doanh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Gantt:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed9t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Gantt minh h\u1ecda ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Gantt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Gantt c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ec5:<\/strong>\u00a0kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian sau khi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra:<\/strong>\u00a0ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean l\u1ecbch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean quan. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd danh m\u1ee5c:<\/strong>\u00a0vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eadp trung m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u danh m\u1ee5c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u01b0u ti\u00ean, ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd theo c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u00fang ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tinh ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n:<\/strong>\u00a0qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n khi c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 n\u0103m \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o<\/li>\n<li>c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh theo c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u)<\/li>\n<li>c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/li>\n<li>ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>\u00a0t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 k\u00fd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1eebng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/li>\n<li>m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/li>\n<li>m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/li>\n<li>m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/li>\n<li>m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/li>\n<li>m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n<li>m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/li>\n<li>m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/li>\n<li>quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/li>\n<li>s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 k\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>\u00a0l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb) theo c\u00e1ch sao cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/li>\n<li>c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/li>\n<li>nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<li>ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1ef1 \u00e1n (PMO):<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, PMO nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. PMO c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eadp trung c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chuy\u00ean gia Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1ef1 \u00e1n (PMP):<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n do Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>\u00a0v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m quy tr\u00ecnh\n<ul>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, theo d\u00f5i, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 trong ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c chu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m, v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0103n \u00fd v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, bao g\u1ed3m k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng l\u1eafng nghe t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p do Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1o ra. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103m giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><i>Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/i>\u00a0\u2014 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u01a1 b\u1ed9, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3.<\/li>\n<li><i>L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch<\/i>\u00a0\u2014 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, bao g\u1ed3m:\n<ul>\n<li>m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i<\/li>\n<li>s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/li>\n<li>l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/li>\n<li>k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro<\/li>\n<li>k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch giao ti\u1ebfp d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><i>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/i>\u00a0\u2014 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n theo nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li><i>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/i>\u00a0\u2014 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li><i>K\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/i>\u00a0\u2014 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n sang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. C\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n con ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u0103m giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba d\u1ef1 \u00e1n con ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n<li>L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, v\u00e0 K\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n con, c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n con ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng xem m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00fang ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 trong ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch hay kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean l\u1ecbch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean quan cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 minh h\u1ecda tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft; gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u ti\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic nh\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n nhau.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Danh m\u1ee5c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ph\u1ea1m vi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn. Ph\u1ea1m vi n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li>\n<li>c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/li>\n<li>c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/li>\n<li>\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/li>\n<li>y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i theo \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c hai tu\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n:<\/strong>m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau v\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung, l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ba \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi hai th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh<\/i>: th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian to\u00e0n th\u1eddi gian cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li><i>Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/i>: cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian cho c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 RACI:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ai s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef RACI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/li>\n<li>T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Danh s\u00e1ch RADIO:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef RADIO l\u00e0 t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft cho n\u0103m danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>R\u1ee7i ro<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/li>\n<li>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/li>\n<li>C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>D\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>R\u1ee7i ro:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110\u1ed9i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro:<\/strong>\u00a0vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1ee7i ro x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>chuy\u1ec3n giao r\u1ee7i ro cho b\u00ean kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n<li>tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro<\/li>\n<li>gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a r\u1ee7i ro.<\/li>\n<li>ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>S\u1ed5 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro (S\u1ed5 ghi ch\u00e9p r\u1ee7i ro):<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro<\/li>\n<li>t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ee7i ro, bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u1ebfu r\u1ee7i ro x\u1ea3y ra<\/li>\n<li>k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3:<\/strong>\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea1m vi, ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea5p cao. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n do n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng chi tr\u1ea3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u00fap v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan:<\/strong>\u00a0b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay nh\u00f3m n\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00f3m, ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh s\u1edf h\u1eefu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 b\u00ean li\u00ean quan quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea1m vi, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y giao h\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ed9i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o s\u1edbm v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00eam th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5:<\/strong>\u00a0ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp hay ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00f3t m\u1ed9t ly n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ba r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh:<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (WBS):<\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng d\u00e0n \u00fd ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e2y. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a WBS m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, trong khi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a WBS m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c:<\/strong>\u00a0t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 trong ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn:\u00a0nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3479,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10954","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-project-management"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n - 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