{"id":10966,"date":"2026-03-06T05:59:04","date_gmt":"2026-03-05T21:59:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml\/"},"modified":"2026-03-06T05:59:04","modified_gmt":"2026-03-05T21:59:04","slug":"what-is-uml","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml\/","title":{"rendered":"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda chu\u1ea9n m\u1edf cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng do Nh\u00f3m Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Booch, Rumbaugh, Jacobson. UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (<b>UML<\/b> ) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m chung m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: \u201cNg\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh si\u00eau d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t, gi\u00fap m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo phong c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OO).\u201d [Martin Fowler \u2013 UML Distilled] trang 1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng UML?<\/h2>\n<p>Khi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng t\u0103ng theo. UML l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Hi\u1ec7n nay, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00f3m Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, li\u00ean minh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 10 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML trong quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n: m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Windows XP c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 40 tri\u1ec7u d\u00f2ng m\u00e3.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ra n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p: m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"what-is-a-model\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cT\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\u201d (Russ v\u00e0 Hamilton 12).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Khi ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v.v. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u00ec th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>UML KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>UML kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/li>\n<li>UML kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai. N\u00f3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/li>\n<li>UML kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh hay m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.<\/li>\n<li>UML khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>UML kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3. N\u00f3 l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hay hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li>UML kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng UML gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp, t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>UML kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi (c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, t\u1eeb v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef), thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5 sung v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb) v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a (quy t\u1eafc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef) c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a UML<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c quan ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 sinh m\u00e3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb m\u00e3.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, tuy nhi\u00ean, UML KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Do \u0111\u00f3, UML l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, v.v\u2026<\/li>\n<li>N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML gi\u00fap th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>M\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/i><\/b>: C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a<\/li>\n<li><b><i>K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/i><\/b>: Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/li>\n<li><b><i>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn<\/i><\/b>: G\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn<\/h2>\n<p>V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80, khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ai \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u trong m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c trong k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. N\u0103m 1991, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch. Grady Booch ra m\u1eaft b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ivar Jacobson c\u0169ng ra m\u1eaft s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 Jim Rumbaugh ra m\u1eaft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p OMT. M\u1ed7i cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu ri\u00eang. OMT r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Booch m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. V\u00e0 Objectory c\u1ee7a Ivar Jacobson r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Booch l\u1eabn OMT \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. Booch v\u00e0 Jacobson \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994, sau \u0111\u00f3 Rumbaugh gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1995. UML 1.1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1997 b\u1edfi OMG, bao g\u1ed3m g\u00f3p \u00fd t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Yourden. UML v2.x l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3>Ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>1995 \u2013 UML 0.8<\/li>\n<li>1996 \u2013 UML 0.9 \u2013 Ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n<\/li>\n<li>1997 \u2013 OMG ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<li>1997 \u2013 OMG UML 1.1<\/li>\n<li>1998 \u2013 OMG UML 1.2<\/li>\n<li>1999 \u2013 OMG UML 1.3<\/li>\n<li>2001 \u2013 OMG UML 1.4<\/li>\n<li>2003 \u2013 OMG UML 1.5<\/li>\n<li>2003 \u2013 OMG UML 2.0 \u2013 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/li>\n<li>2005 \u2013 OMG UML 2.0 \u2013 Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/li>\n<li>2006 \u2013 OMG UML 2.1<\/li>\n<li><b>UML2.1.2<\/b>(11\/04\/07) \u2013 Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 27\/05\/08<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-UML.png\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1556\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"476\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/What-is-UML.png\" width=\"713\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1edfi ba \u201cAmego\u201d<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang l\u1ebb \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li>\n<li>D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang l\u1ebb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 align=\"left\">C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c UML<\/h3>\n<blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Rational<\/li>\n<li>IBM<\/li>\n<li>Hewlett-Packard<\/li>\n<li>I-Logix<\/li>\n<li>ICON Computing<\/li>\n<li>Intellicorp<\/li>\n<li>MCI Systemhouse<\/li>\n<li>Microsoft<\/li>\n<li>ObjecTime<\/li>\n<li>Oracle<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Platinum<\/li>\n<li>Taskon<\/li>\n<li>Texas Instruments\/Sterling Software<\/li>\n<li>Unisys<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u UML cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n<p>UML \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Booch, OMT v\u00e0 Objectory, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 minh h\u1ecda trong H\u00ecnh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn t\u1eeb tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/UML-Imnput.png\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1557\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"477\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/UML-Imnput.png\" width=\"708\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h2>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n<p>K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u201dn\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh gi\u1eef cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. \u201cK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ba vai tr\u00f2:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 suy ra t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ee7 phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch sang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: l\u1edbp, li\u00ean k\u1ebft, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2><b>L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a UML<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>UML c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111a d\u1ea1ng\u00a0<strong>c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>\u00a0(v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, internet, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, y t\u1ebf, v.v.) N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<strong>c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/strong>\u00a0v\u00e0 cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i\u00a0<strong>n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh \u0111ang nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n mong \u0111\u1ee3i. \u00cdt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0C\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft k\u00e9m. Chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/li>\n<li>Chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u00cdt vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>Giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m UML 4 + 1<\/h2>\n<p>UML bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (xem H\u00ecnh 3) [Eriksson &amp; Penker, 1998; Kruchten, 2000]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/em> hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i; n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li><em>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m logic: <\/em>hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng; n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0129nh) v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng)<\/li>\n<li><em>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/em> hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m; n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<li><em>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/em> hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd (tri\u1ec3n khai) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fat x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean ch\u00fang; n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<li><em>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/em> hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, lu\u1ed3ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y; n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed9ng (s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai (s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img alt=\"4+1 architectural view model\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/rational\/library\/05\/0816_Louis\/figure-2.gif\"\/><\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m <em>m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0129nh<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em> m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 n\u0103m quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean v\u00e0o c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh 3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA), ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOD) b\u1ed5 sung chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n) v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m logic.<\/li>\n<li>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Tri\u1ec3n khai ho\u1eb7c L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOP) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m quy tr\u00ecnh, tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML 2<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>UML c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 hai nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m con:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u2013 C\u00e1c<i>s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/i>\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u0129nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u0129nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, giao di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 n\u00fat.<\/li>\n<li>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi \u2013 M\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 khi c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.\n<div>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ghi l\u1ea1i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00eam l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i\/di chuy\u1ec3n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img alt=\"UML Diagram Types\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/02-uml-diagram-types.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n<div>C\u00e1c<i>s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/i>\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u0129nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/div>\n<div>Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u0129nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, giao di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 n\u00fat. B\u1ed1n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0:<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/b>\u2013 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft (bao g\u1ed3m k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft), bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00e0: Li\u00ean k\u1ebft, K\u1ebf th\u1eeba, Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong UML.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b>\u2013 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (\u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p nhanh), minh h\u1ecda m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/b>\u2013 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/b>\u2013 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qua c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/b>\u2013 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m logic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/b>\u2013 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i (c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, v.v.) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/b> \u2013 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng\/d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m) v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u2013 c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng). S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b> \u2013 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y sang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/l\u1edbp) ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. (l\u01b0u \u00fd: c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a logic c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/b> (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i) \u2013 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/l\u1edbp) ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. (l\u01b0u \u00fd: c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/b>\u2013 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/b> \u2013 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp<\/b>(c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0<b> <\/b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a UML1) \u2013 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (li\u00ean k\u1ebft) c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian<\/b> \u2013 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/b> \u2013 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n lu\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c (s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 UML<\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 UML kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadp con c\u1ee7a UML. C\u00e1c t\u1eadp con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OCL). C\u00e1c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng (stereotypes), l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trang tr\u00ed cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ec1n v\u1eefng\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1eddi gian s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khi \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y. Theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u2013 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadp con c\u1ee7a UML n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a OCL v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc, trong UML 2, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/h3>\n<p>Gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p OOAD v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n UML, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 UML1 ho\u1eb7c UML2 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p OOAD:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp) v\u1edbi ERD kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, logic v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a UML \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 UML c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec cho ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0 n\u00eau s\u01a1 qua v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong UML 2. UML kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c quan chu\u1ea9n m\u1edf nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ba kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Triangle-of-Success.gif\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2504\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"408\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Triangle-of-Success.gif\" width=\"460\"\/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/strong> \u2013 B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t<strong>k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: UML)<\/strong>, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 (<strong>quy tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>), b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u1ec9 Quy Tr\u00ecnh<\/strong> \u2013 B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<strong>quy tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t quy tr\u00ecnh (<strong>k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/strong>), b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kh\u00f4ng H\u1ed7 Tr\u1ee3 C\u00f4ng C\u1ee5<\/strong> \u2013 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (<strong>c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/strong>), b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\">Visual Paradigm<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda c\u00fa ph\u00e1p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u ghi nh\u1edb k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Agile Scrum ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho m\u1ecdi quy m\u00f4 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>T\u00e0i Nguy\u00ean UML<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n V\u1ec1 14 Lo\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ed3 UML \u2013 Cybermedian<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 14 lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Visual Paradigm. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 UML gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng do m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 cung c\u1ea5p. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Visual Paradigm trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 UML cho c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau<a aria-controls=\"radix-:r73:\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/comprehensive-guide-to-the-14-uml-diagram-types\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" type=\"button\">11<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ecdc m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a UML v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed UML t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t (c\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed d\u00e0nh cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n) \u2013 Cybermedian<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Visual Paradigm cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a UML, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho chu\u1ea9n UML 2.x m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<a aria-controls=\"radix-:r74:\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/learn-uml-modeling-with-the-best-uml-free-tools-both-online-and-desktop-freeware\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" type=\"button\">12<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ecdc qua V\u00ed D\u1ee5: Bi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ed3 M\u00e1y Tr\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1i UML \u2013 Cybermedian<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i UML v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t Visual Paradigm l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Visual Paradigm v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<a aria-controls=\"radix-:r75:\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/learning-by-example-uml-state-machine-diagrams\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" type=\"button\">13<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u2013 Cybermedian<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Visual Paradigm h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Visual Paradigm \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<a aria-controls=\"radix-:r76:\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/uml-diagrams-a-comprehensive-guide\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" type=\"button\">14<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u2013 Cybermedian<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Visual Paradigm Online (VP Online) Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Express, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML. N\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 phi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<a aria-controls=\"radix-:r77:\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/free-online-uml-tool\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" type=\"button\">15<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u2013 Cybermedian<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Visual Paradigm \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<a aria-controls=\"radix-:r78:\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/understanding-uml-timing-diagrams-a-comprehensive-guide\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" type=\"button\">16<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML 2.5 \u2013 Cybermedian<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML 2.5 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh Visual Paradigm l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, giao di\u1ec7n th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh m\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau<a aria-controls=\"radix-:r79:\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/the-comprehensive-guide-to-uml-2-5-diagrams\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" type=\"button\">17<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp UML \u2013 Cybermedian<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp UML v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Visual Paradigm h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ch\u00fang. N\u00f3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a UML<a aria-controls=\"radix-:r7a:\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/a-comprehensive-guide-to-uml-class-diagram\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" type=\"button\">18<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML b\u1eb1ng Visual Paradigm \u2013 Cybermedian<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111i qua t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i UML b\u1eb1ng Visual Paradigm. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng Visual Paradigm<a aria-controls=\"radix-:r7b:\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/uml-package-diagram-tutorial-using-visual-paradigm\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" type=\"button\">19<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c quan cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m linh ho\u1ea1t \u2013 Cybermedian<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh Visual Paradigm l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch Visual Paradigm cung c\u1ea5p giao di\u1ec7n th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, sinh m\u00e3 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<a aria-controls=\"radix-:r7c:\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" class=\"mi-ref cursor-pointer align-super text-muted-foreground hover:underline\" data-state=\"closed\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cybermedian.com\/uml-and-visual-paradigm-the-comprehensive-guide-to-visual-modeling-for-agile-software-development\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\" type=\"button\">20<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda chu\u1ea9n m\u1edf cho ph\u00e1t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3479,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[127],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? - ArchiMetric Vietnamese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? - ArchiMetric Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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