{"id":10978,"date":"2026-03-06T06:52:50","date_gmt":"2026-03-05T22:52:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/1459-2\/"},"modified":"2026-03-06T06:52:50","modified_gmt":"2026-03-05T22:52:50","slug":"1459-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/1459-2\/","title":{"rendered":"User story l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

User story<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n linh ho\u1ea1t. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. User stories r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m linh ho\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 scrum v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ef1c \u0111oan.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n\n

User story l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t user story l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/b>l\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u1ea5y. M\u1ed7i user story bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, user story t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng thay v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

\"User<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m 3C<\/h3>\n

3C \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ba kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c user story t\u1ed1t. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi Ron Jeffries, \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t minh ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p user stories. Ng\u00e0y nay, khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 user stories, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i user stories \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ba kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Th\u1ebb<\/b> \u2013 C\u00e1c user story \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u1ebb. M\u1ed7i th\u1ebb user story ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
  2. Cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n<\/b> \u2013 C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong su\u1ed1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.
    \n\"Conversation\"<\/li>\n
  3. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/b> \u2013 hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a user story. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0o th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi user story. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.
    \n\"Confirmation\"<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh user story?<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c user story n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. User story l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p user story. Thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh user story gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ghi ch\u00fa h\u01a1n. Qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, sau \u0111\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng user story ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c user story n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1n sau \u0111\u00f3 theo nhu c\u1ea7u, cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u201cv\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7\u201d trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh v\u1edbi user story<\/h2>\n

    BPMN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kinh doanh. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c user story t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh BPMN.<\/li>\n
    2. \u0110i qua t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
    3. V\u00e0, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c user story li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh th\u00e0nh user story.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \"Business<\/p>\n

      L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft user story?<\/h2>\n

      Khi vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t user story, h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng theo m\u1eabu d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y (ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau):<\/p>\n

      L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t <vai tr\u00f2>, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n <m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh> \u0111\u1ec3 <gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh doanh\/l\u00fd do>.<\/p>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/u>, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin nh\u1eafn SMS khi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn<\/u> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00ean<\/u>.<\/p>\n

      \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. <vai tr\u00f2><\/b> \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
      2. <m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh><\/b> \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
      3. <gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh doanh><\/b> \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho ai \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng).<\/li>\n
        2. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: nh\u1eadn tin nh\u1eafn SMS khi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn)<\/li>\n
        3. C\u00f3 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00e0y (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 mua)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          M\u1ed7i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho ai \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh. Vi\u1ec7c ghi r\u00f5 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1ecf qua. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n

          L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng trong mua h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/span>.<\/p>\n

          L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp t\u00ean b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean c\u00f4 \u1ea5y<\/span>.<\/p>\n

          D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n ghi nh\u1edb. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Th\u1ee9 hai, h\u00e3y gi\u1eef ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c ‘v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7’. Tr\u00e1nh th\u00eam qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Sau n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tinh ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

          V\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n

          Trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 s\u00e1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u00ednh cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Ch\u1edd x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/b> \u2013 Qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (th\u1ebb). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/li>\n
          2. Ch\u01b0a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/b> \u2013 Qua cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sprint. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Todo. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
          3. \u0110ang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/b> \u2013 Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0110ang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i s\u1ebd trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ghi ch\u00fa cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Chuy\u00ean gia UX c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng xem tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (UX design).
            \n\"UX<\/li>\n
          4. \u0110ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/b> \u2013 Sau khi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5, \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
          5. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/b> \u2013 Khi \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u00e1n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh (\u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n alpha) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh n\u0103ng. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft khi chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n
          6. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/b> \u2013 Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, khi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi hay c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1edbi cho v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u2013 Khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao?<\/h2>\n

            M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng chia vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh hai b\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong khi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, th\u00ec chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00ec c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai, thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
            2. D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u00ec c\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft. Trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, do chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/li>\n
            3. \u2013 M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3?<\/h2>\n

              Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng:<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Gi\u1eef ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n
              2. H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i khi vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
              3. M\u1ed9t (UML) tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng theo c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
              4. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/li>\n
              5. \u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/li>\n
              6. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i hay ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean.<\/li>\n
              7. Giao ti\u1ebfp lu\u00f4n quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Visual Paradigm<\/a> cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m linh ho\u1ea1t<\/b>, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML<\/b>, (linh ho\u1ea1t) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/a><\/b>, sprint<\/b>, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/b> v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o<\/b> cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/b>, v.v.<\/p>\n

                \u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                User story \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n linh ho\u1ea1t. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3479,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-user-story"],"yoast_head":"\nUser story l\u00e0 g\u00ec? - ArchiMetric Vietnamese<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/1459-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"User story l\u00e0 g\u00ec? - ArchiMetric Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"User story \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n linh ho\u1ea1t. 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