{"id":11027,"date":"2026-03-09T16:54:42","date_gmt":"2026-03-09T08:54:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/"},"modified":"2026-03-09T16:54:42","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T08:54:42","slug":"what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>UML l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/UML\/\">Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t<\/a>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kinh doanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>UML \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. UML ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n giao ti\u1ebfp, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n<h2>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a UML<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a UML l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai).<\/p>\n<p>UML ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ba k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Object-modeling_technique\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OMT)<\/a> [James Rumbaugh 1991] \u2013 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eadp trung d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>Booch [Grady Booch 1994] \u2013 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai. Grady Booch \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ada_(programming_language)\">Ada<\/a> v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Booch r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u1eafm (nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u00e2y trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u2013 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng l\u1eafm).<\/li>\n<li>OOSE (K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng [Ivar Jacobson 1992]) \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 OO t\u1eebng y\u1ebfu truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>N\u0103m 1994, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng khi Jim Rumbaugh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra OMT, r\u1eddi General Electric v\u00e0 gia nh\u1eadp Grady Booch t\u1ea1i Rational Software. S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (t\u00ean t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1995, Ivar Jacobson, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra OOSE, c\u0169ng gia nh\u1eadp Rational, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u201d) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1edbi \u2013 nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t 1. Nh\u00f3m g\u1ed3m Rumbaugh, Booch v\u00e0 Jacobson \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau m\u1ebfn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cBa ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>UML c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mellor v\u00e0 Shlaer [1998]<\/li>\n<li>Coad v\u00e0 Yourdon [1995]<\/li>\n<li>Wirfs-Brock [1990]<\/li>\n<li>Martin v\u00e0 Odell [1992]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>UML c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a UML<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Trong n\u0103m 1996, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.omg.org\/\">Nh\u00f3m Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OMG)<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (RFP), \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i chung RFP.<\/li>\n<li>Rational \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp li\u00ean minh UML Partners c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng d\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a UML 1.0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a UML 1.0 bao g\u1ed3m:\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00f4ng ty Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb S\u1ed1<\/li>\n<li>Hewlett-Packard<\/li>\n<li>I-Logix<\/li>\n<li>IntelliCorp<\/li>\n<li>IBM<\/li>\n<li>ICON Computing<\/li>\n<li>MCI Systemhouse<\/li>\n<li>Microsoft<\/li>\n<li>Oracle<\/li>\n<li>Rational Software<\/li>\n<li>Texas Instruments<\/li>\n<li>Unisys<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra UML 1.0, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9p cho OMG nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho RFP v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng M\u1ed9t n\u0103m 1997.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng M\u1ed9t n\u0103m 1997, IBM, ObjecTime, Platinum Technology, Ptech, Taskon, Reich Technologies v\u00e0 Softeam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed9p c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i RFP ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho OMG. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m \u0110\u1ed1i t\u00e1c UML \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i UML 1.1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. UML 1.1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a UML 1.0 v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c m\u1edbi. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9p cho OMG \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu n\u0103m 1997. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb 1.1 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.5, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 UML 2.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 2.5 (phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 UML 2.5).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img alt=\"UML History\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/01-uml-history.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 UML?<\/h2>\n<p>Khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan, m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 khung ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p khi quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, sao ch\u00e9p, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a World Wide Web, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c quan s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/li>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>Cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li>Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea5p cao nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, khung ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>UML \u2013 T\u1ed5ng quan<\/h2>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft UML, h\u00e3y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh trong UML.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 UML l\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh) kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quen. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/li>\n<li>L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u00e3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. UML c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML.<\/p>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong s\u1ed1 13 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML 2:<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/strong> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhau. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/#class-diagram\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/#component-diagram\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/#deployment-diagram\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tri\u1ec3n khai<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/#object-diagram\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/#package-diagram\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 G\u00f3i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/#composite-structure-diagram\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac H\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/#profile-diagram\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 H\u00e0nh vi<\/strong> th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo <strong>th\u1eddi gian<\/strong>. C\u00f3 b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/#use-case-diagram\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/#activity-diagram\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/#state-machine-diagram\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/#sequence-diagram\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Chu\u1ed7i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/#communication-diagram\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Giao ti\u1ebfp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/#interaction-overview-diagram\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 T\u1ed5ng quan T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-uml\/#timing-diagram\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img alt=\"UML Diagram Types\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/02-uml-diagram-types.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u0129nh kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<h4>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h4>\n<p>C\u00f3 ba m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong> \u2013 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng).<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/strong> \u2013 b\u1ed5 sung r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ER \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi t\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p<\/strong> \u2013 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"Class Diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/03-class-diagram-example.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-class-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>Trong Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"Component Diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/04-component-diagram-example.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-component-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai gi\u00fap m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng tri\u1ec3n khai (ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i) c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tri\u1ec3n khai. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u0129nh v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"Deployment Diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/05-deployment-diagarm.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-deployment-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0129nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp; n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh t\u0129nh v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u1ed1n mang t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea9m sinh. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<h4>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/h4>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp UML v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng UML v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ean, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang, khi\u1ebfn hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00ec trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML, c\u1ea3 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u2013 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<h4>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h4>\n<p>B\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c &#8216;l\u1edbp&#8217; khi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp nh\u01b0 &#8216;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng&#8217;, &#8216;T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n&#8217;, &#8216;Giao d\u1ecbch&#8217;, v.v. Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp nh\u01b0 &#8216;Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean&#8217;, &#8216;H\u1ecdc sinh&#8217;, &#8216;B\u00e0i t\u1eadp&#8217;, v.v. Trong m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng UML th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp (v\u1ebd trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp UML) &#8216;tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o&#8217; t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng UML c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c l\u1edbp (trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp UML) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y xem c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/h4>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp sau \u0111\u00e2y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n hai l\u1edbp \u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 T\u1eadp tin \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp tin \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m, do \u0111\u00f3 hai l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 0\u2026* \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean t\u1eadp tin \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Class Diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/06-class-diagram-example.png\"\/><\/p>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h4>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 T\u1eadp tin \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m &#8216;tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o&#8217; khi Peter (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng) c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea3i l\u00ean hai t\u1eadp tin \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 hai b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n cho hai t\u1eadp tin \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m c\u1ea7n t\u1ea3i l\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p><img alt=\"Object Diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/07-object-diagram-example.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-object-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac UML th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c g\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a l\u1edbp (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111a t\u1ea7ng) \u2013 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"Package Diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/08-package-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-package-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o UML 2.0. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn vi m\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t thay v\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1edbp. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean trong, c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed5ng. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"Composite Structure Diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/09-composite-structure-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-composite-structure-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>V\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua giao di\u1ec7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u1eafn th\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"Profile Diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/10-profile-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-profile-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 trong UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh (c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n). C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, t\u1eebng m\u00f3n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 lo\u1ea1i \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c n\u00e0o: \u00dd, Mexico, Trung Hoa, v.v. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0103n u\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang \u201cb\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"Use Case Diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/11-use-case-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-use-case-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c kinh doanh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh. Trong Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c).<\/p>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"Activity Diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/12-activity-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-activity-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong UML \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a David Harel. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"State Machine Diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/13-state-machine-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-state-machine-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e2ng cao, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0i c\u00fa nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a (nh\u01b0 Visual Paradigm) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb lu\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"Sequence Diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/14-sequence-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-sequence-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. So v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a (nh\u01b0 Visual Paradigm) cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kia.<\/p>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"Communication Diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/15-activity-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-communication-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c m\u00e0 n\u01a1i tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u1ea9n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u201cth\u1eadt\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"Interaction Overview Diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/16-interaction-overview-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-interaction-overview-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5ng quan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian t\u0103ng t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c ng\u0103n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h4>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian<\/h4>\n<p><img alt=\"Timing Diagram\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/17-timing-diagram.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/guide\/uml-unified-modeling-language\/what-is-timing-diagram\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/p>\n<h1>H\u1ecdc UML. V\u1ebd UML.<\/h1>\n<p>Nh\u1eadn Visual Paradigm Community Edition \u2013 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc UML nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Visual Paradigm Community Edition h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML. B\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/download\/community.jsp\">T\u1ea3i mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef UML<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c song song, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p<\/strong> \u2013 L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed7ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh l\u1edbp ch\u1ee9a trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa hai ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai l\u1edbp c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o. M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa hai l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/strong>: L\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con k\u1ebf th\u1eeba th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u00e1nh<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh, m\u1ed7i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd \u0111i theo chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nhau, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch khi g\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp<\/strong> \u2013 Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed UML c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, L\u1edbp v\u00e0 Giao di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 giao ti\u1ebfp<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/strong> \u2013 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t Rationale, trong \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mi\u1ec1n<\/strong> \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 tranh lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tham gia.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a<\/strong> \u2013 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t Rationale, cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ed5 sung, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed<\/strong>: B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bao \u0111\u00f3ng<\/strong> \u2013 D\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a<\/strong> \u2013 Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u00e0 l\u1edbp con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c (l\u1edbp si\u00eau). M\u0169i t\u00ean r\u1ed7ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp si\u00eau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/strong>: Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i<\/strong>: Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u1ebd nh\u00e1nh<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n song song b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp con k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>GoF<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Gang of Four.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cao<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 GRASP \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ea5p<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 GRASP \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong> \u2013 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t Racional, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u1ebf th\u1eeba<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp con k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb l\u1edbp cha (l\u1edbp si\u00eau). C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ghi \u0111\u00e8 trong l\u1edbp con.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong>: Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp. L\u1edbp ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Giao di\u1ec7n<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh vi. M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n giao di\u1ec7n (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3). C\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o giao di\u1ec7n, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cung c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n song song \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau g\u1eb7p nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t h\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/strong> \u2013 T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a UML. G\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong> \u2013 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ed9p kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/strong>: Ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u kia. M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng hai chi\u1ec1u (m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u kia) ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u kia, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i).<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/strong> \u2013 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ghi ch\u00fa<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong> \u2013 Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham gia v\u00e0o k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u00f3i chung: m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, L\u1edbp, ho\u1eb7c Giao di\u1ec7n).<\/li>\n<li><strong>G\u00f3i<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n UML c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1eabu<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 quen thu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tham s\u1ed1<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110a h\u00ecnh<\/strong> \u2013 C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ri\u00eang t\u01b0<\/strong>: M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c, cho bi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u00e3 trong b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/strong>: Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 m\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong>: M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c, cho bi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u00e3 trong b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u1edbp con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng khai<\/strong>: M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c, cho bi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00e3 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecdc<\/strong> \u2013 Ch\u1ec9 ra h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/strong>: Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vai tr\u00f2<\/strong> \u2013 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 theo th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u2013 M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong>: Trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u0129nh<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb gi\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u1eafc th\u00e1i<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n trong UML. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u00e1i cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a &#8220;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ri\u00eang&#8221; c\u1ee7a UML.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp con<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi l\u1edbp cha th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 ra ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ec1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1edfi l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u00f3ng khung th\u1eddi gian<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp<\/strong>: Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c chia t\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp<\/strong> \u2013 Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t Racional, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>UML<\/strong> \u2013 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e2ng cao qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a b\u1ed5 sung cho m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 ra m\u00e3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m C\u00f4ng khai, B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/strong> \u2013 M\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>S\u00e1ch UML ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch UML b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc UML:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/UML-Distilled-Standard-Modeling-Language\/dp\/0321193687\">UML Distilled: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chu\u1ea9n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/UML-Unified-Process-Practical-Object-Oriented\/dp\/0321321278\">UML 2 v\u00e0 Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Learning-UML-2-0-Pragmatic-Introduction\/dp\/0596009828\">H\u1ecdc UML 2.0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Building-Web-Applications-UML-2nd\/dp\/0201730383\/\">X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Web v\u1edbi UML<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Unified-Modeling-Language-Reference-Manual\/dp\/020130998X\/\">S\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tham kh\u1ea3o Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Elements-UMLTM-2-0-Style-ebook\/dp\/B00AHTN2U4\/\">C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Phong c\u00e1ch UML\u2122 2.0<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/UML-Java%C2%BF-Programmers-Robert-Martin\/dp\/0131428489\/\">UML cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Java<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Schaums-Outline-UML\/dp\/0077107411\/\">S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Schaum v\u1ec1 UML<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Unified-Modeling-Language-User-Guide\/dp\/0321267974\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/UML-Certification-Guide-Fundamental-Intermediate\/dp\/0123735858\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 UML 2: C\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 trung c\u1ea5p<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Fundamentals-Object-Oriented-Design-Meilir-Page-Jones\/dp\/020169946X\/\">C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong UML<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Applying-Driven-Object-Modeling-Commerce\/dp\/0201730391\/\">\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi UML: M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Designing-Flexible-Object-Oriented-Systems-UML\/dp\/1578700981\/\">Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi UML<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Use-Case-Driven-Object-Modeling\/dp\/1430243058\/\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi UML<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Systems-Analysis-Design-Version-Object-Oriented\/dp\/0471348066\/\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi UML phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.0: Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/UML-2-0-Nutshell-Desktop-Reference\/dp\/0596007957\/\">UML 2.0 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Object-Oriented-Analysis-Design-Applications-3rd\/dp\/020189551X\/\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/UML-Explained-Kendall-Scott\/dp\/0201721821\/\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch UML<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Design-Patterns-Elements-Reusable-Object-Oriented\/dp\/0201633612\/\">M\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Object-Primer-Agile-Model-Driven-Development-ebook\/dp\/B00AHTN2U4\/\">S\u00e1ch n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi UML 2.0<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visual-paradigm.com\/features\/uml-tool\/\">C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf UML chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c quan<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/online.visual-paradigm.com\/\"><br \/>\n<img alt=\"Visual Paradigm Online\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/vp-online.png\"\/><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>UML\u7edf\u4e00\u5efa\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7b80\u79f0\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u7ec4\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u7528\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5de5\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e1a\u52a1\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002UML\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6700\u4f73\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8df5\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u5728\u5927\u578b\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u529f\u3002UML\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002UML\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u56fe\u5f62\u7b26\u53f7\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u8f6f\u4ef6\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u4f7f\u7528UML\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9879\u76ee\u56e2\u961f\u8fdb\u884c\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u6f5c\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e3a\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fUML\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3479,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u2013 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t): ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (Booch, OMT, OOSE), l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (UML 1.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 2.5), 13 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi), c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao UML l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Bao g\u1ed3m v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[127],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u2013 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t): ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (Booch, OMT, OOSE), l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (UML 1.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 2.5), 13 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi), c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao UML l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Bao g\u1ed3m v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u2013 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t): ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (Booch, OMT, OOSE), l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (UML 1.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 2.5), 13 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi), c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao UML l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Bao g\u1ed3m v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ArchiMetric Vietnamese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-03-09T08:54:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/01-uml-history.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"archimetric@visual-paradigm.com\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"archimetric@visual-paradigm.com\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"24 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"archimetric@visual-paradigm.com\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/#\/schema\/person\/e4027c9f5b602fc705716009e5671d28\"},\"headline\":\"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-09T08:54:42+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/\"},\"wordCount\":10402,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/01-uml-history.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Unified Modeling Language\"],\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/\",\"name\":\"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u2013 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/01-uml-history.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-09T08:54:42+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/#\/schema\/person\/e4027c9f5b602fc705716009e5671d28\"},\"description\":\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t): ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (Booch, OMT, OOSE), l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (UML 1.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 2.5), 13 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi), c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao UML l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Bao g\u1ed3m v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/01-uml-history.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/01-uml-history.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/\",\"name\":\"ArchiMetric Vietnamese\",\"description\":\"EA, Dev Ops, Scrum, Agile and More\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"vi\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/#\/schema\/person\/e4027c9f5b602fc705716009e5671d28\",\"name\":\"archimetric@visual-paradigm.com\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/de58c1924d83d002dbce0b79f74ba4b70e2f85238332df6cabc0227effdf470d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/de58c1924d83d002dbce0b79f74ba4b70e2f85238332df6cabc0227effdf470d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"archimetric@visual-paradigm.com\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/author\/archimetricvisual-paradigm-com\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u2013 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed","description":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t): ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (Booch, OMT, OOSE), l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (UML 1.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 2.5), 13 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi), c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao UML l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Bao g\u1ed3m v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/","og_locale":"vi_VN","og_type":"article","og_title":"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u2013 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed","og_description":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t): ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (Booch, OMT, OOSE), l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (UML 1.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 2.5), 13 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi), c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao UML l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Bao g\u1ed3m v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/","og_site_name":"ArchiMetric Vietnamese","article_published_time":"2026-03-09T08:54:42+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/01-uml-history.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"archimetric@visual-paradigm.com","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi":"archimetric@visual-paradigm.com","\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc":"24 ph\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/"},"author":{"name":"archimetric@visual-paradigm.com","@id":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/#\/schema\/person\/e4027c9f5b602fc705716009e5671d28"},"headline":"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t","datePublished":"2026-03-09T08:54:42+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/"},"wordCount":10402,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/01-uml-history.png","articleSection":["Unified Modeling Language"],"inLanguage":"vi","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/","url":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/","name":"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u2013 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/01-uml-history.png","datePublished":"2026-03-09T08:54:42+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/#\/schema\/person\/e4027c9f5b602fc705716009e5671d28"},"description":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t): ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (Booch, OMT, OOSE), l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (UML 1.0 \u0111\u1ebfn 2.5), 13 lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi), c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, v\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao UML l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Bao g\u1ed3m v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n, s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"vi","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"vi","@id":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/01-uml-history.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/01-uml-history.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/what-is-uml-unified-modeling-language-explained\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/","name":"ArchiMetric Vietnamese","description":"EA, Dev Ops, Scrum, Agile and More","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"vi"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/#\/schema\/person\/e4027c9f5b602fc705716009e5671d28","name":"archimetric@visual-paradigm.com","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"vi","@id":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/de58c1924d83d002dbce0b79f74ba4b70e2f85238332df6cabc0227effdf470d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/de58c1924d83d002dbce0b79f74ba4b70e2f85238332df6cabc0227effdf470d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"archimetric@visual-paradigm.com"},"url":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/author\/archimetricvisual-paradigm-com\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3479"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11027"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11027\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}