![\"Chalkboard-style](\"https:\/\/www.archimetric.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/state-machine-diagram-iot-sensor-networks-chalkboard-infographic.jpg\"\/)
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\ud83d\udd0d Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h2>\n
M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch logic s\u1ed1. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong IoT, ‘m\u00e1y’ l\u00e0 n\u00fat c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c ‘tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i’ l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0Ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>, Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>, Ng\u1ee7<\/strong>, ho\u1eb7cKh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ed7i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n T\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn? Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb IoT th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Logic ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Khi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ee9c d\u1eady t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ee7, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n IoT th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00f4i logic. Khi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o, m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 theo d\u00f5i h\u01a1n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n b\u1edfi pin. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu logic kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng trong khi pin \u0111ang \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ea5p, l\u00e0m hao ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u00edch. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a IoT.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda quy tr\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t n\u00fat gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, sau \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u01a1n tru.<\/p>\n M\u1ed7i m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00fang, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt ngu\u1ed3n, ch\u1ea1y ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chi ti\u1ebft v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ea5p cao.<\/p>\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eebS\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng<\/strong>sang\u0110ang c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/strong>? M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1eddi gian. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u0110ang truy\u1ec1n<\/strong>?<\/p>\n Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra sai l\u1ec7ch. M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 X\u1eed l\u00fd Ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7<\/strong> trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n Xem x\u00e9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0110ang truy\u1ec1n<\/strong> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i X\u1eed l\u00fd L\u1ed7i<\/strong> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n Th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng treo. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u00e3y ghi nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1eed l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1iL\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<\/strong> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, n\u01a1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd can thi\u1ec7p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, danh s\u00e1ch tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1eb3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. UML h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh (tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed3ng nhau) v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi li\u00ean quan. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1iK\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i con nh\u01b0\u0110ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm<\/strong>, \u0110\u00e3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>, v\u00e0Ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng trong khi v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n logic chi ti\u1ebft b\u00ean trong h\u1ed9p l\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n Khi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ee9c d\u1eady sau khi ng\u1ee7 s\u00e2u, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u1ee7. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 m\u1ed9tTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong> tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi IoT, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u00e2u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1iX\u1eed l\u00fd \u2192 G\u1eedi**, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sangNg\u1ee7<\/strong>, khi th\u1ee9c d\u1eady n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c lu\u1ed3ngG\u1eedi<\/strong> n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, ho\u1eb7c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch.<\/strong><\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng logic \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng IoT kh\u00e1c nhau y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u1eaby ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a logic c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u00e3y \u0111i qua danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh nhanh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 RAM \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1ee7 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e2u v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n Sau khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Logic tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean C, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t “ S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa logic (s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3) v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai (m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n) gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu logic kinh doanh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea1n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u1ee5c l\u1ecdi trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n.<\/p>\n B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi IoT. M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ecb x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n Sau khi tri\u1ec3n khai, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u00fang c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n Khi m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i ID s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Theo th\u1eddi gian, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0110ang truy\u1ec1n<\/strong> sang L\u1ed7i<\/strong>, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh logic tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh anten ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn IoT c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o logic lu\u00f4n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3479,"featured_media":11180,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn IoT | H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn UML","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i UML cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn IoT. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng logic tr\u1ef1c quan, x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[127],"tags":[162,101],"class_list":["post-11179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-uml"],"yoast_head":"\nB\u1ed1n tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n
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\u26a1 T\u1ea1i sao logic tr\u1ef1c quan l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn IoT<\/h2>\n
L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n
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\ud83d\udee0\ufe0f C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i UML<\/h2>\n
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\n \nTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\n K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/th>\n Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh IoT<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/td>\n \u25cf (V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y)<\/td>\n \u0110i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/td>\n \u2298 (V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e9o)<\/td>\n Ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1eaft m\u00e1y).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong><\/td>\n H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 g\u00f3c bo tr\u00f2n<\/td>\n M\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cNg\u1ee7\u201d, \u201c\u0110ang truy\u1ec1n\u201d).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp<\/strong><\/td>\n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u0169i t\u00ean<\/td>\n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/td>\n V\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp<\/td>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cb\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1eddi gian h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n\u201d).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong><\/td>\n [\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n]<\/td>\n Ki\u1ec3m tra ki\u1ec3u boolean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td>\n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \/ t\u00ean_h\u00e0nh_\u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n M\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \/ g\u1eedi_d\u1eef_li\u1ec7u).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \ud83d\udcd0 B\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t n\u00fat c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn IoT<\/h2>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o<\/h3>\n
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B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n
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B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n
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Th\u1eddi_gian_\u0111o_l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/code>)<\/li>\nThu_th\u1eadp_D\u1eef_li\u1ec7u_\u0110\u00e3_Ho\u00e0n_T\u1ea5t<\/code>)<\/li>\nM\u1ea1ng_\u0110ang_S\u1eb5n_S\u00e0ng<\/code>)<\/li>\nG\u1eedi_Th\u00e0nh_C\u00f4ng<\/code>)<\/li>\nG\u1eedi_Th\u1ea5t_B\u1ea1i<\/code>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\ud83d\udd12 X\u1eed l\u00fd L\u1ed7i v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n
Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Logic Th\u1eddi gian Ch\u1edd<\/h3>\n
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Network_Timeout<\/code><\/li>\n\ud83e\udde9 C\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u00e2ng cao: Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh<\/h3>\n
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Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h3>\n
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\ud83d\udcca So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p logic tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h2>\n
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\n \nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/th>\n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/th>\n \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/th>\n T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1<\/strong><\/td>\n Ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/td>\n Th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n Th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/td>\n Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c (n\u00fat b\u1ea5m, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o)<\/td>\n Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n Cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Hybrid<\/strong><\/td>\n M\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td>\n Cao<\/td>\n R\u1ea5t cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn<\/strong><\/td>\n M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n Trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \ud83d\udeab Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i IoT<\/h2>\n
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\ud83d\udd27 Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n
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\ud83c\udf0d T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n
\u00c1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sang m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/h3>\n
switch<\/code>l\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t khai b\u00e1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n
STATE_IDLE<\/code>, STATE_TX<\/code>).<\/li>\n\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt trong logic tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h2>\n
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\ud83d\udcc8 Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/h2>\n
\ud83d\udd17 T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h2>\n
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